Download the fantastic book titled Athens Transformed 404 262 BC written by Phillip Harding, available in its entirety in both PDF and EPUB formats for online reading. This page includes a concise summary, a preview of the book cover, and detailed information about "Athens Transformed 404 262 BC", which was released on 24 April 2015. We suggest perusing the summary before initiating your download. This book is a top selection for enthusiasts of the History genre.
Summary of Athens Transformed 404 262 BC by Phillip Harding PDF
During the heady, democratic days of the fifth and fourth centuries, the poorer members of Athenian society, the lower two classes of zeugitai and thetes, enjoyed an unprecedented dominance in both domestic and foreign politics. At home, the participatory nature of the constitution required their presence not only in the lawcourts and assembly, but also in most of the minor magistracies; abroad, they were the driving force of the navy, which ensured Athens’ control of the Aegean and the Black seas. Their participation at all levels was made possible by state pay (for jury duty, attendance in the assembly, public office and military service). In the fifth century state pay was financed largely through the tribute paid by members of the empire, supplemented by the liturgical contributions of the rich and, beginning during the war, a property tax (the eisphora). In the fourth century, almost the whole burden was shouldered by taxation upon the wealthy, especially those who owned property. In this book, author Phillip Harding traces the major changes that occurred in the administration of the state that eventually deprived the lower classes of their supremacy and transferred power into the hands of the wealthy land-owners. Things changed radically after Athens’ defeat in the Lamian (or Hellenic) War in 322BC. Over the next several decades, restriction of the franchise, elimination of pay for some public offices, the loss of the navy, the increased dependence upon local grain from the larger estates in Attika, the removal of the tax burden from the rich by the ending of such major liturgies as the trierarchia and the choregia and the abandoning of the eisphora all contributed to this transformation.
Detail About Athens Transformed 404 262 BC PDF
- Author : Phillip Harding
- Publisher : Routledge
- Genre : History
- Total Pages : 186 pages
- ISBN : 1317435451
- Release Date : 24 April 2015
- PDF File Size : 16,5 Mb
- Language : English
- Rating : 4/5 from 21 reviews
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